What Causes Colic in Babies? Understanding the “Purple Crying” Phase

Colic is a common yet exhausting condition characterised by excessive, inconsolable crying in otherwise healthy infants. It typically follows the “rule of three”: crying for more than three hours a day, three days a week, for three weeks or more.

While the exact cause of colic isn’t fully understood, it is often a combination of several physiological and environmental factors.

1. Digestive Issues and Gas

Digestive problems are the most frequently cited culprits. Because a newborn’s gastrointestinal tract is still maturing, they may struggle with:

• Reflux: Acid or stomach contents backing up into the esophagus.

• Immature Digestion: Difficulty processing proteins found in breast milk or formula.

• Trapped Gas: Air bubbles that cause painful pressure in the abdomen.

2. An Immature Nervous System

A newborn’s nervous system is incredibly sensitive. Some babies may have a “hypersensitive” system that hasn’t yet learned how to filter out external stimuli, leading to a state of irritability that they cannot easily exit.

3. Overstimulation

Babies are like sponges but sometimes they soak up too much. Loud noises, bright lights, or even a busy household can overwhelm a baby’s senses. By the end of the day, this sensory overload can manifest as a “witching hour” of inconsolable crying.

4. Food Sensitivities or Allergies

In some cases, colic is triggered by a reaction to something the baby is consuming.

• Breastfed babies: May react to dairy, soy, or caffeine in the mother’s diet.

• Formula-fed babies: May have an intolerance to certain proteins in standard cow’s milk formulas.

5. Swallowing Air During Feeding

If a baby feeds too quickly or has an improper latch, they often swallow excess air. This air becomes trapped in the digestive tract, leading to discomfort. Pro-tip: Ensure you are burping your baby frequently during and after feedings.

6. Hormonal Fluctuations

Some researchers believe that fluctuations in serotonin, a hormone that regulates both mood and gut contractions, may play a role in why some babies are more prone to colicky behavior than others.

7. Environmental Stress

Babies are incredibly intuitive and can mirror the emotional state of their caregivers. High levels of parental stress or anxiety can sometimes exacerbate a baby’s fussiness, creating a difficult cycle for both parent and child.

When Will It End?

The good news? Colic is temporary. Most babies see a significant improvement by 3 to 4 months of age.

Important Note: If you are concerned about your baby’s crying or if they have a fever, vomiting, or weight loss, always consult your pediatrician to rule out underlying medical issues.